Wednesday, July 31, 2019
Mary Shelley Frankenstein: Ugly Society
Frankenstein is full of horrible elements about human society. Mary Shelley shows many of the sides of human beings that are not necessarily positive attributes. She really gives a kind of critique on mankind’s judgement of others. In this novel, a major theme is that in society people judge people by their looks and this judgment may cause negativity, this can be seen through the characters, Victor and the creature, when they judge other characters or are judged themselves. When you meet someone, the first thing you do is start judging them on what their wearing or how their hair is styled, and this is not always a good thing.Immediately after Victor gave the monster the last touch to spark life in it, he simply judged the monster on its looks only. Since the creature was very ugly looking, this did not bring up a very positive situation for Victor. Victor described the first contact with the monster when he says, â€Å"I had gazed on him while unfinished; he was ugly then; but when those muscles and joints were rendered capable of motion, it became a thing such as even Dante could not have conceived†(p. 68).If I was to witness this without knowing the prior events I would be frightened. Although, since Victor knows exactly what is going on as he is giving the monster life, it is odd that he should be so frightened. Its so bad that Victor nearly rejects the creature at conception. In accordance with Victor's actions towards his initial contact with the monster, Shelley kept the theme of mankind condemning an individual due to its looks by having Victor scared of the monster strictly due to its ugliness.This is different than if I was the one in the laboratory, I would be very scared as would anyone. However, due to the fact that Victor had worked on it for a couple of years and knew the situation exactly, he had no real right to be scared by the plain sight of the creature. Since he was fully expecting the creature to come to life, it was kind of odd that he would disown the creature so abruptly, which goes along with the critique that the author probably intended.Therefore, as Shelley presumably wanted to emphasize, humans use vision as their primary form of acceptance in too many occasions. This particular situation would constitute a valid use of a very over-used proverb, â€Å"one should never judge a book by its cover. †In this novel, Victor â€Å"judged a book by its cover†as much of society does and did not accept the creature for its actions or any other attributes other than that its ugliness, which was enough for him to be appalled.This same theme is the very reason as to why the creature goes on a killing rampage. Frankenstein’s creature begins to realize after a number of years that his ugly looks will gain no acceptance from anyone. This is especially true to him because his very creator or â€Å"father†would not accept him on the basis of ugliness. The creature himself realizes t his as well. After reading Victor's journal that he found, the creature said, â€Å"Accursed Creator! Why did you form a monster so hideous that even you turned from me in disgust? â€Å"(p. 171).Since his only contact with society, apart from the contact with a blind man, has been with people who show only horror when they lay eyes on him, the creature starts to see that he will not be able to be a part of human society based on his physical appearance. That saddens him because of his need for companionship. That is probably a major part of Shelley's critique on society. Therefore, the creature begins to go on a sort of â€Å"killing rampage†until Victor meets his demands and creates another creature as to give him a companion to live and associate with.Since Victor cannot get himself to do just that, the creature goes on a killing rampage on people that specifically effect Victor emotionally. This is relevant since Victor’s judgment caused the creatures abandonmen t based on looks, and now Victor is going to suffer. When you judge someone on their looks it can affect you in negative ways, such as in racism, when people judge others on their skin tone, fights will occur, riots can flood the streets, and even death will happen.Society shows that judging looks has a very bad flaw that can result in chaotic outcomes. In Frankenstein, Shelley is really able to make a critique on society and its faults. She used the various characters as tools to get through to the reader the state of mankind and some of the problems that are present. In fact I, along with others, believe that she greatly intended on making the conflicts that society faces present in an entertaining form.
Tuesday, July 30, 2019
Proposed Mexican Business Essay
A business plan is very important guide that directs the management of the business or organization towards achieving its goals. Analysis of the market in which a business is venturing is very essential. This gives a clear picture of the entire market that the business is getting into. This paper will look at the economic, demographic and socio-economic details of each major state in Mexico. This paper will further go ahead to explain both the foreign and the foreign and the domestic banks that are operating in Mexico. This paper also includes detailed ideas about recruitment of employees in Mexico. Finally it gives extensive information about the American companies that are operating in Mexico. Mexico is known to be a constitutional republic federally based in North America. It is bordered on the northern side by United States. The North Pacific Ocean borders this republic on the south and the western sides. Mexico is highly referred to as the United Mexico States. The Caribbean Sea is very visible on the southeast part of Mexico. It consists of many states which are thirty one in number. Mexico City is known to be one of the most populated cities in the world. (Crandall, 2004) Mexico as earlier on illustrated has got approximately thirty one states. They include Sonora, Baja California, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Tomaulipas, Durango, Baja California Sur, Chiapas, Guerrero, Jalisco, Nayarit, SLP, Oaxaca, Campeche and Vera Cruz among others. These Mexican states are also divided into different municipalities. In the year 1900, the population in Mexico was approximately 13.6 million.  The demographics of Mexican states are as follows. Michoacan state is known to have the lowest population growth. Quintana Roo has the highest population growth rate. These two states are the least populated. Baja California has Sur and Baja California has the highest migration rate. Below are the demographics by city and state. Rank  Core City      State       Pop         Rank   Core City      State     Pop 1         Mexico City   DF      19,231,829     11       Queretaro       QT      918,100 2         Guadalajara    JA      4,095,853       12       Merida           YU     897,740 3         Monterrey      NL      3,664,331       13       Mexicali         BC      855,962 4         Puebla                        PB       2,109,049      14      Aguascalientes AC     805,666 5         Toluca            ME     1,610,786       15       Tampico         TM     803,196 6         Tijuana           BC      1,483,992       16       Culiacan         SI       793,730 7         Leon               GT      1,425,210     17       Cuernavaca    MO    787,556 8         Juarez             CH     1,313,338       18       Acapulco        GR     786,830 9         Torreon          CO     1,110,890       19       Chihuahua      CH     784,882 10       San Luis Potosi SL    957,753          20       Morelia          MI      735,624 The economy in this nation is firmly established. It is known to be the world’s 12th largest in line with its economy. This is according to GDP and PPP. This nation has an economy that is highly diversified. The infrastructure is quite developed in terms of telecommunications, airports, distribution of gas, railroads and seaports among other sectors. (Denizer, 1997) The socio-economics data reveals that the population in this nation that is in extreme poverty has tremendously decreased from twenty four point one percent to approximately sixteen point nine percent. This is according to the World Bank. It is however very evident that there are huge disparities in the incomes of the poor and the wealthy in the nation. There are also remarkable differences between the south and the northern areas of Mexico. These differences still exist amongst the urban and the rural areas. The contrasts are quite sharp in relation to human development and income levels. These issues still remain to be quite problematic in Mexico. Poverty has been reduced in Mexico through the increase in the middle class purchasing power. The inflation in Mexico is as low as 3.3%. This has resulted in middle class people in this nation having a credit consumption that is quite high. There is great stability in the nation in terms of monetary terms.  Through remittances from citizens in Mexico, poverty has been greatly alleviated. The infrastructure in Mexico is quite developed and this makes it very easy to carry out business in this republic. This is in terms of the road network. Chiapas State in Mexico is very developed in terms of the infrastructure. There are both foreign and domestic banks in Mexico. Research shows that Mexico allowed foreign banks to open up branches therein. This was made easy through foreign acquisitions of the various domestic banks in Mexico. It is very clear that foreign banks in Mexico are more profitable when compared to the domestic banks in Mexico.  This shows that foreign banks have had positive impacts on the entire banking sector. Citibank is one of the foreign banks that started operating in Mexico in the year 1994. This bank is U.S based. This was through the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). (Houghton, 1999) Other foreign banks that are operating in Mexico include Scotiabank, HSBC, Banco Santander and BBVA. Banco Santander is based in Spain, Scotiabank is in Canada, and HSBC is in U.K while BBVA is in Spain. Among the domestic banks include Banco de Azteca. The other prominent domestic bank that is operating in Mexico is called Barnote. It is highly known even among the locals for its excellent services.] Recruitment is a very essential part of organizational management. This is due to the fact that this process enables an organization to get qualified professionals that are quite competent in carrying out the tasks assigned to them. Critical analysis of the entire business sector shows the way it carries out this important task. Looking at most of the organizations in Mexico, they carry out recruitment process through advertising of the vacant posts. Many organizations advertise in their Company websites, they also place advertisements in newspapers and sometimes over the radio. The management clearly indicates the desired qualifications of potential employees. Interested candidates then send their particulars (these are the cover letter and C.V) to the organization either by post or by electronic media. The application letters and C.Vs are then analyzed and the qualified candidates are then short listed. These are then communicated to such that they attend an oral or written interview depending on the organization. Some organizations use both methods. Some organizations carry out one and others two interviews with the potential candidates. Those who pass the interviews are either communicated to trough post or through telephone. The qualified candidates are then incorporated into the organization where they go through training or induction in relation to their work or job profile. All these normally result in organizations having qualified employees. This process is carried out by the management team in organizations in Mexico without favoritism. There are different American Companies that are operating in Mexico. Most of these Companies are very successful. Amongst the American Companies that are successfully operating in Mexico include Diners Club, Master Card and American Express Bank. These Companies are well known in the Mexican Republic and their profit margins are very high. Research shows that there are very many factors that have made American Companies operating in Mexico to be successful. (Houghton, 1999)  One of the major factors that have made these Companies to be successful is the NAFTA initiative. Through this it has become very easy for the American based Companies to start up branches in Mexico. The management in these Companies is very sound. This is bearing in mind that these organizations have been in existence for some time. There are various strategies that the American companies that are based in Mexico use. These strategies include marketing both through online and offline means. The online means that are highly used by these successful Companies include the use of internet advertising. Before these organizations or Companies start up their branches in Mexico, they normally carry out adequate research. This is in relation to the competitor companies in the market and their prices. Through this they then strategize by carrying out product differentiation and this enables them to have a place in the market. Among the strategies that that American Companies that are based in Mexico employ include PESTLE analysis and SWOT analysis. In the PESTLE analysis they consider the political, Economic, Social, Technical and legal factors that would affect the business. With this information at hand, the Companies succeed very easily. Another strategy that is incorporated is ensuring that most of the employees in the Companies are citizens of Mexico. Through this, they find favor with the people and therefore market penetration becomes easy since the people identify with the organizations. The Companies are known to get involved in corporate social responsibilities in Mexico. (Robert, 2006) This gives the Company better standing in the Mexican Republic and therefore enhances their overall success. Most of the American based Companies that are operating in Mexico normally use their manufactured products to test the market before they open up branches in Mexico. This becomes very easy for the Companies to gain more customers in the long run. (Krauze, 1998) In conclusion, a business plan clearly gives a business the required guidelines. Mexico is a republic that is found in North America. There are approximately thirty one states in Mexico. The demographics of this nation reveal that the urban states are highly populated compared to the rural towns. The economy of Mexico is very stable and well established. In fact it is known to be the 12th wealthy nation worldwide. The socio-economics of this nation shows that there are high disparities between the rich and the poor. The infrastructure on the other hand is very well developed. This is in terms of telecommunications, road network and information technology network. There are both domestic and foreign banks in Mexico. The foreign banks include Scotia bank, HSBC, Banco Santander and BBVA. Domestic banks include Banco de Azteca and Barnote. Successful American Companies operating in Mexico include American Express, Diners Club and Master Card. They ensure that they carry out extensive marketing analysis before opening branches in Mexico. This enables them to succeed. Reference: Crandall, R. (2004): Mexico’s Domestic Economy; Policy Options and Choices; Mexico’s Democracy at Work; New York; Lynne Reinner Publishers Denizer, C. (1997): The Effects of Financial Liberalization and New Bank Entry on Market Structure and Competition in Turkey; New York; Melbourne Press  Houghton, M. (1999): Mexico in Perspective; 3rd edition; New York; McGraw Hill  Krauze, E. (1998): Mexico: Biography of Power; Modern Mexico; 1996- 2007; New York; Melbourne Press Robert, C. (2006): Foreign Bank Entry; Experience; Implications for Developing Economies; New York; Free Press
Monday, July 29, 2019
Immigration Asylum Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words
Immigration Asylum - Case Study Example "A requirement of promptness and reasonable expedition is implicit in all cases but where the possibility of removing the individual from the harmful situation is available, the investigation must be undertaken as a matter of urgency. The victim or the next-of-kin must be involvedto safeguard their legitimate interests" ("Human Trafficking Under the ECHR," 2010, p. 1). Being forced into prostitution is unacceptable according to the ECHR. One of the articles of the ECHR states that, "No one shall be held in slavery or servitude" ("European Convention on Human Rights," 2010, p. 1). With regard to the amount of people being granted asylum, "the number of people from outside the EU who were allowed to join spouses or other close family members fell from 10,950 in 2001 to 3,835 last year. Only 1,607 people were granted asylum in 2004 - down from 6,263 three years earlier" (Conradi, 2010, p. 1). Unfortunately, what the Home Office does not realize and take into consideration is that if they make the wrong move, and send Margarita back to Ecuador, this mafia gang will no doubt kill her. This is a life or death situation. She already received a death threat, and honestly it is not understood how they could not take that into account. Additionally, since this is a mafia gang and not just any gang, a mafia gang operates differently than a normal gang. Mafioso gangs are not only more likely to, but they will track Margarita down once she enters Ecuador again in order to force her into prostitution again. This is a bare fact. Once the Home Office realizes that they are not just dealing with some home-grown street gang, they would do good to accept Margarita's plea of asylum. As previously mentioned before, the difference between a home-grown street gang and a mafia gang is that the mafia will kill you. In other words, wherever Margarita went were she to return to Ecuador, her life would continually be in danger. This would be no way to live. She would have to go from house to house searching for a new place to live everyday. The mafia would track her down like a dog and they would find her. Then, they would kill her. How is this a known fact Speaking from the experience of having studied Latin American history, when a Latin American mafia gang-very much like the terrorist group The Shining Path Guerillas in Peru (El Sendero Luminoso)-decides to kill you, basically your life is over. These types of guerilla-slash-terrorist operations are very efficient. Basically, if they want you dead, they are not going to waste time trying to find you so that they can kill you. Several people are living in exile due to the fact that they cannot live in their own countries because of these horrible people who would stop at nothing to see them dead. These mafia gangs are most dangerous because, anywhere you try to go in in-country, they will try to find you and kill you. What is most dangerous about gangs like these is that they will stop at nothing to make sure the targeted person is dead. This means that if Margarita goes back to Ecuador, the Home Office would basically be
Sunday, July 28, 2019
What, in todays conditions, appear to be the greatest limitations of Essay
What, in todays conditions, appear to be the greatest limitations of the classical organisational theories - Essay Example This gave rise to Frederick Winslow Taylor’s work known as Scientific Management. He was of the view that management practices should change and that change was to be established through scientific study and precise measures instead of just following rules of thumb. The first recommendation of Frederick Taylor’s Scientific Management was that a scientific job analysis should be used to find out that one best way to perform every job that maximizes efficiency. This should be done through using observation at the workplace, gathering relevant data and then using them devise the most efficient procedures for each job.(Daft, 2004) Scientific Management also insisted upon selecting the right people for the right job. Workers should be trained and developed. Moreover, the managers must make it a point to work closely with the workers, cooperate with them, and ensure that all work is done according to the plan introduced by the scientific management practices. Scientific Management drew a clear line between the managers and the workers in their roles. Managers’ roles included planning, organizing and decision-making, whereas, workers are only supposed to perform the jobs. (Daft, 2004) Where Scientific Management talked about increasing the productivity and efficiency of individual workers, the administrative management involved the organization as a whole. The three important contributors to this approach were Max Weber, Henri Fayol and Luther Hasley Gulick. Max Weber, a German theorist, introduced the concept of looking at organizations as a whole. This was known as the bureaucratic organizations approach (Daft, 2004). During the 1800s, organizations lacked a formal organizational structure. The family like structure in the organizations meant that employees were not devoted to the mission of the company and instead, were only loyal to individual supervisors or managers. Consequently, workers were using the resources of the organization to
Saturday, July 27, 2019
Enterprise Resource Planning System Research Paper
Enterprise Resource Planning System - Research Paper Example An information system is a collection of structured elements that collect, process, store, and transfer processed information to uphold decision making and control in an organization (Laudon & Laudon, 1999, p.7; Hoffer et al., 2007, p.429). On the other hand, an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system is an entirely integrated information system that includes most fundamental tasks essential for a large size corporation. Additionally, an ERP system is built and run on a common database shared by the basic business activities. In addition, an ERP solution presents the facilities of an information system for the whole organization. However, a corporation must redesign its business processes to arrange with the ERP system. Furthermore, the implementation and integration of an ERP usually considered as the biggest information system project ever completed by a corporation (Whitten et al., 2000, p.23; Ehie & Madsen, 2005; Vlachopoulou & Manthou, 2006; Hitt et al., 2002). (Stair & Reynolds, 2003, p.22), discuss the enterprise resource planning (ERP) system, according to them, an ERPS is accomplished for running a corporation’s fundamental business processes for whole multi-site, international corporation. In addition, the range of activities performed by an ERP system differs from organization to organization, since, a majority of ERP systems offer integrated software to facilitate the finance and manufacturing business processes of a corporation. However, in this scenario, a demand forecast is set up that determines the customer needs for a number of weeks.
Freud and Psychoanalysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words
Freud and Psychoanalysis - Research Paper Example ace-time matrix of the Freudian dream clearly reflects that mind is the part of human being in which body is the spatial restriction and limitation of human mind. Obviously mind can go beyond this limitation through his capability of imagination. In the book, â€Å"Studies on Hysteria†Freud and Breuer (1893) recognize the physicality and bodily experience as a contribution to the development of personality. But this approach of Freud and Breuer (1893) to body and mind, though it resembles to that of Damasio’s (1992), differs from the neurobiological approach on the ground that though both mind and personality are shaped by bodily feeling, Freud and Breuer’s (1895; 1895) concept of mind does not acknowledge the role of the organic function of human brain to the development of mind. According to them the physical feelings like trauma are stored in human mind first in the form of memory of a foreign entity and then in the form of an agent that determines his future functions of body and mind. Freud’s theory of personality primarily evolves from his approach to the concept of mind. As a theorist, Freud (1916) crucially depends on the structural existence of human mind that is more or less detached from physiological existence of human being. Irrespective of the relationship of mind with human body, the physical existence, Freud’s â€Å"mind†closely follows a structural pattern that effectively explains the different questions -regarding the relationship of mind with various behavioral pattern of a person- of the psychoanalysts of his age. In comparison with the German Philosopher Mauss’s collective notion of â€Å"person†which changes from time to time and society to society, Freud’s concept of ‘person’ appears to be an intact one that is supposed to function universally (Ziegler, 2002, p. 81). But Freud’s theory of personality that exclusively revolves around a person’s body apparently fails to explai n the relationship between body and mind that
Friday, July 26, 2019
Crime Prevention, Disorder and Community Safety (Criminolgy) Essay
Crime Prevention, Disorder and Community Safety (Criminolgy) - Essay Example In reality, the term "fear of crime" is an artifact of a broad interest in what is presumed to be the psychological effect of crime. As a result, there is no clear rationale behind its use.†Researches indicate that people especially women fear crime more than men but they do not report it quite often so it can be concluded that the actual statistics of women victimization is higher than reported. Stanko (1992) observed that according to the surveys, males are more capable of being victimized than women despite of the fact that women show more insecure behavior. It is perceived that the fear is irrational and unrealistic. However it should be noted that crimes happened with women are not reported all the time as women are more sensitive to their social image than man thus less willing to report that they are being victimized. Young (1988: 174) wrote that: "Domestic crisis and sexual crimes are less likely to enter the statistics than property crimes, which leads to the systemat ic underestimation of crimes against women". It should also be considered that researches and surveys only consist of crimes happened in front of witnesses or road-crimes. Women are often victimized within the walls of their own homes and do not report to any one. Warr (1984, 1985) investigates that as women are scared more of sexual assault than men so the general fear gets mix with the fear of sexual assault and heighten their insecurity. He also suggested that women's fear of victimization should be differently analyzed than men as men rarely fears sexual assault. Keane (1995) suggested that women’s fear of crime consists of two fears basically i.e. concrete fear and formless fear. Concrete fears are the fears of some specific crimes while formless fear is general fear or fear that can not be associated with some specific crimes. This theory of Keane has an underlying assumption that some crimes are more fear inducing than others. For women sexual assault is more fear indu cing than any type of theft or property damages. As per Keane, women reported both types of fears whether concrete or formless but younger females reported more of a concrete fear than elderly ladies. It can be deduced that elder age feels more formless fear than younger. Elders are more sensitive and insecure in perceiving crimes and have less tolerance for it. According to the researches of Warr (1985) and Ferraro (1996), women perceive rape as much serious crime as a murder. After an extensive research work by Ferraro (1996), he concluded that elder women and younger women both report the highest level of fear however the basis of fear can be different entirely. The elder women are more sensitive about the risk of financial damage, risk of being injured or loss of life while younger women are more scared of sexual assault. The fear of younger women is mostly comprises of rape or harassment and is more dominant in them than any other fear. The main difference in the reasons of fea r is the fear of sexual assault. If this fear will be excluded from the fear of crime in women, the difference between male and female fears of being victimized will be reduced. Warr (1985) also reported that women who are below the age of 35 fear more of sexual assault. As per him, as the girls become older, their fear increases and as they become women and start to age the fear diminishes. However as per Kennedy and Silverman (1984), as they become more
Thursday, July 25, 2019
Human resources management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words
Human resources management - Essay Example Justification regarding such statement can be provided by taking consideration of the types of employee engagement and employee health check-up programs conducted by HSBC on the periodic basis. In addition, in order to promote and nondiscriminatory workplace environment, the organizations need to be committed to developing a workplace culture wherein every individual is treated equally without any discrimination, Besides, managers within the workplace need to be trained in such as manner who are capable of resolving any workplace challenges without any biases or favouritism. In addition, it should incorporate minimum salary structure that would be provided to the employees within the organization irrespective of nationality and cultural background. The above-mentioned facts have been highly effective in context to elaborating the initiatives undertaken by HSBC Holding plc towards ensuring its workforce development and welfare. Throughout the discussion, multiple facts have been provi ded that illustrates how this multinational financial organization manages its employees and workplace diversity. Within the discussion, the specific amount of focus has been provided upon the implementation of varied HRM theories that projects the reflection of a diversified workforce within this brand. In a contradictory manner, certain discrepancies in context to supporting the supporting the small and medium sized business processes within the UK that have been categorized as a major weakness of the organization.
Wednesday, July 24, 2019
Female Entrepreneurs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words
Female Entrepreneurs - Essay Example The importance of women entrepreneurs has been greatly felt across the globe in the last decade. Interestingly, in developed countries, women own 25% of total businesses and are starting up new ones at a faster rate than men (Woldie and Adersua, 2004). In fact, besides making a contribution to the economy, women through their different management styles have been adding innovation, diversity, and choices to the business organizations they own. While studies done in the past have improved the understanding about female entrepreneurs, the issues which have not been addressed in-depth are – What are the management styles adopted by women and how do they affect or have an impact on various aspects of organizational performance.This paper, will, therefore, focus on the growing number of women entrepreneurs in the last decade, their management styles, the impact of their management strategies on the success of the organization and whether their style is different from their male cou nterparts or not.The purpose of this report is to provide information on this research topic which will be used as a basis for my third-year project for the BA Honours for a Business degree with a management minor at Croydon College. As a woman in business, I have spent over twelve years conversing and engaging in business activities with many other women and it has intrigued and inspired me to investigate, explore and examine a few of the variables that make a woman into a successful entrepreneur.... 1. Introduction The importance of women entrepreneurs has been greatly felt across the globe in the last decade. Interestingly, in developed countries, women own 25% of total businesses and are starting up new ones at a faster rate than men (Woldie and Adersua, 2004). Infact, besides making a contribution to the economy, women through their different management styles have been adding innovation, diversity and choices to the business organizations they own. While studies done in the past have improved the understanding about female entrepreneurs, the issues which have not been addressed in-depth are - What are the management styles adopted by women and how do they affect or have an impact on various aspects of organizational performance. This paper, will, therefore, focus on the growing number of women entrepreneurs in the last decade, their management styles, the impact of their management strategies on the success of the organization and whether their style is different from their male counterparts or not. The purpose of this report is to provide information on this research topic which will be used as a basis for my third year project for the BA Honours for Business degree with a management minor at Croydon College. As a woman in business I have spent over twelve years conversing and engaging in business activities with many other women and it has intrigued and inspired me to investigate, explore and examine a few of the variables that make a woman into a successful entrepreneur. As part of the research, I also want to investigate management styles to understand if there are any particular types of management styles which assist the women in becoming successful and how do they differ from management styles adopted by their male counterparts. I have personally
Tuesday, July 23, 2019
PRICING STRATEGIES Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
PRICING STRATEGIES - Case Study Example roximately $5, it means that the employer can save (8*5=40 each year, 40*5,000= $200,000 by all the 5,000 employees) $50,000 per year in case two of each prescription is inappropriate (200,000-50,000= 150,000). This strategy will help employers save money and also improve the outcomes of patients as the quality of prescriptions will get better. This sort of strategy helps to cut the costs by providing the patients with the medication they require and not the prescription drugs, which will help the organizations efficiently utilizing the prescription drugs. This strategy will be undertaken by the help of the pharmacy claims that will pinpoint the high costs specified by the sponsors, diseases such as high cholesterol, cardiac diseases and asthma must be treated and medicated with the specific medication that will help the employers to slash the cost. These pharmacy claims will then be used for the identification of different patients and the medication they require. This strategy will also help in providing awareness and education to medical doctors in helping them improve the behavior related to their prescriptions that will result in better health care outcomes, as it will help the patients live an improved life as their needless health care costs are cut down, and better treatments are provided to them in accordance with their diagnosis. The use of the first line agents is essential in this program so that the awareness is spread about the use of â€Å"first line drug therapy†and offering samples to the prescription providers. The easy accessibility should be made possible by placing the first line agents at the pharmacies, so that the users should come to know about these agents and they can utilize these instead of branded medicines that are too expensive. It will help cut the cost of pharmacy but also it provides with the potential improvements in quality of care. This program has been followed by several organizations, and it made them cut their costs by
Monday, July 22, 2019
Music and Tourism in Scotland Essay Example for Free
Music and Tourism in Scotland Essay Scottish Tourism bloomed in the 1990s due to major cultural changes in society. Scotland began to create a new identity through the use of media that promoted the social and cultural attributes of the country. Scotland’s home-grown artists were used as a voice at the forefront of the promotion of Scotland’s culture and heritage to world tourism. My essay will consider a range of issues surrounding the relationship between Scottish tourism and the development of Scottish music during the 1990s. It will consider the artists and songs that played a key role in the development of Scotland’s national identity through outlining particular advertising campaigns used to promote for Scottish tourism. My essay will also discuss the future plans for Scottish Tourism and how music will be part of them. Scottish Music and Scottish Tourism Tourism contributes an enormous part of the economy in Scotland – boasting a visitor spend of approximately  £4b per year. As a tourist destination, Scotland boasts idyllic opportunities for its visitors such as the hillwalking the Munro Mountains, fishing the River Tay, immersing in the history of Edinburgh or Stirling and admiring the cultural diversities of Glasgow. These opportunities are realised and exploited by Government body: Creative Scotland, which was set up in 1993 and is dedicated to supporting the promotion of culture in Scotland on both national and international levels. Creative Scotland support the current Scottish Governments Corporate Plan, which promises: ‘To focus Government and public services on creating a more successful country, with opportunities for all of Scotland to flourish, through increasing sustainable economic growth.’ Scotland has developed an exceedingly strong worldwide reputation for its diverse culture and is continuing to do so by championing music and the arts through large scale events and festivals such as Celtic Connections, a relatively new festival of traditional Scottish music which is exclusively held across a number of high-profile venues in Glasgow including the flagship Glasgow Royal Concert Hall which was opened as part of the cultural renaissance of Glasgow in 1990 with Glasgow becoming a European City of Culture in 1990. The formation of this festival alone has increased global interest from its multiple televised broadcasts on BBC and HD and a promotional tour to Chicago in 2012 during the Ryder Cup at the nearby Merdinah Country Club. Another notable festival is T in the Park which is sponsored by Scottish Brewery; Tennents. Established in Glasgow in 1993, the festival will celebrate its 20th anniversary in 2013 and showcases international artists with a focus on new and established Scottish acts such as Scottish Band; Travis, who gained international recognition through performing at the festival from 1994 as an unsigned band and subsequently becoming a headlining act of the festival in 2000. The festival moved to Perthshire in 1997 and politicians in the area were united to promote ‘A Soundtrack for Scotland’s Tourism’, linking traditional music and tourism and diversifying the tourist industry. The festival attracts 85,000 people from all over Britain and in some cases worldwide, to Fife, Scotland, the festival has become: ‘One of the most important and critically acclaimed music events on the international festival circuit.’ The festival has been televised on BBC and footage of the festival includes shots of the backdrop landscape of Kinross and Fife regions. Promoting Scottish Nationalism and Tourism with Music in Sports Branding Branded produce from Scotland provided the tourism sector with an indirect source of advertising the heritage and culture of Scotland during the 1990s. Many advertising campaigns were televised; in particular for the alcohol industry, which used iconic songs synced with images of rural and urban Scottish landscapes which helped create an escapist image of Scotland. An example of this would be Tennents’ Lager, who used Dougie Maclean’s song Caledonia against the imagery of a grimy busy city with arrogant people compared to the contrasting escapist, social, warm and friendly atmosphere of a public house in Edinburgh The sense of nationalism and pride in the cultural diversity in Scotland went from strength to strength in the early 1990s. Scotland celebrated a period of excellence in sport on a global scale which also helped boost the number of visitors to the country. Although Scotland’s national football team failed to advance through the group stages of all the World Cup tournaments in the 1990s including Italy, USA and France respectively, Scotland’s national Rugby team celebrated international success, beating England 13-7 in the 1990 Five Nations Grand Slam. This event penned The Corries lament: ‘Flower of Scotland’ as the unofficial national anthem of Scotland, boosting the national pride and identity and has been used ever since at most sporting events. The song was written to: ‘Kindle a new awareness of what is being lost and what can be regained. Scotland’s resistance, not its defeat is stressed here.’ Another notable use of Scottish music for advertising Scottish Tourism is the 1997 television campaign which used The Silencers version of Wild Mountain Thyme, which is a traditional piece of music popularised by the particular advert which featured iconic scenes of Scotland’s rural landscapes, castles and activities such as travel, surfing and walking. The advert quoted Scottish Poet Norman MacCaig who wrote about Scotland: ‘Only mens minds could have unmapped into abstraction such a territory.’ Another song of note which relates to a worldwide audience and captures the picturesque imagery of Scottish landscapes would be Runrig’s version of the traditional Scots Lament; ‘Loch Lomond’, which was voted as Scotland’s best song by a reader poll in Scottish publication The List in 2008, beating Dignity by Deacon Blue, Caledonia by Dougie MacLean and 500 Miles by the Proclaimers, all of whom are regarded as Scottish Nationalist artists with Pete Wishart, Keyboardist of Runrig being elected as an SNP MP at Westminster in 2001. Conclusion The Future of Scottish Nationalism and Tourism Scotland’s culture and heritage will continue to grow in the tourism spotlight through the commitment of Creative Scotland and its relationship with VisitScotland which is evident from its goals: ‘Creative Scotland’s ambition is to see Scotland as one of the world’s most creative nations by 2020.’ An example of this commitment is apparent as 2012 is the ‘Year of Creative Scotland’ which continues the celebrations of Scottish culture and promotes it to the world through festivals such as the Sound Festival which will be held over October and November and aims to bring visitors to the North East areas of Scotland to enjoy alternative music of Scotland. The internet has increasingly become a major role in the promotion of Scotland’s live music events with internet website; www.visitscotland.co.uk, acting as the information and marketing gateway for prospective visitors to find information, link to external websites such as event homepages and furthermore, purchase event tickets directly with great ease. Glasgow will again become City Of Culture in 2014 and will host the Commonwealth Games and the Ryder Cup, which will be an ideal opportunity for sports and Scottish music to join forces once again.
Economic development in China and India Essay Example for Free
Economic development in China and India Essay Foreign trade in China is almost completely dominated by the state. In 1979, China relaxed certain trade restrictions, paving the way for increases in the relatively small foreign investment and trade activity. By the late 1980s, yearly exports totaled about $41. 1 billion and imports $46. 4 billion, and both have increased sharply since then. China has been undergoing a dramatic transformation to a market economy. As a result, it currently is the world leader in terms of economic growth, industrial expansion, and exports. It contains an array of potential consumers that far exceeds the markets in Europe or the Western Hemisphere, and it is rapidly emerging as a new epicenter for industry, commerce, and finance. In addition, the so-called â€Å"greater China†has substantial amounts of technology and manufacturing capability, outstanding entrepreneurial, marketing, and services acumen in Hong Kong, a fine communications network and a tremendous pool of financial. When these resources are combined with the very large endowment of land, resources, and labor on the mainland, China already is a major superpower in the global economy. The people’s Republic of China (PRC or China, for short) has had a long tradition of isolation. In 1979, Deng Xiaoping opened his country to the world. Although his bloody 1989 put-down of protestors in Tiananmen Square was a definite setback for progress, China is rapidly trying to close the gap between itself and economically advance nations and to establish itself as an economic power in the Pacific Rim. Southeast China in particular has become a hotbed of business activity. Presently, China is actively encouraging trade with the West, and it is a major trading partner of the United States. Despite this progress, many U. S. and European multinationals find that doing business in the PRC can be a long, grueling process that often results in failure. One primary reason is that Western-based MNCs do not understand the role and impact of Chinese culture. Since the last few decades there has been a multifold increase in the FDI in China. The Chinese economy has now gaining the power of effecting the decisions of the economic bodies of the world. History of FDI growth in China: The country launched its open door policy 26 years ago. Since the policy introduction the FDI flows in the country received a quick response. In 2004 China was at no. 2nd position in the world of FDI with $64 billion. The Chinese FDI trends can be examined in two phases. First phase: 1979-82 Second phase: 1984-91 Third phase: 1992-99 In the first phase the government establish for special zones with incentive policies. Although there was a high inflow into those regions, the total FDI flow reached US $ 1. 8 billion. In the second phase the provinces were opened and recorded US $ 10. 3 billion. In 1989 however the trend dropped. In the third phase Deny Xiaoping opened China for overall economic reform. The phase was very fruitful for China. The government introduced new policies and market oriented economic reform. In result of these reforms the FDI’s started flowing into the Chinese economy at rocket speed. In November 1999 US-China had an agreement regarding the WTO, according to which many new reforms were made (Sandra, 2001) those included †¢ The sectors relating to the distribution services will be opened for repair and maintenance and China will phase in trading rights and distribution services over three years. The Government for the investment opened the telecommunication industry of China. †¢ The professionals were also allowed access to the service markets of China. The services included according, consulting, Information Technology and Engineering. (Lardy, 2000). FDI in China rose to a peak level of US $ 45463 million in 1998. In the first six months of 2002, actual foreign direct investment (FDI) in China rocketed to 24. 58 billion U. S. dollars, setting a record growth rate of 18. 69 percent year-on-year. (Beijing Time, 2002) On June 22, 2005, CNOOC, a Chinese company made a $18. billion bid to purchase Unocal Corporation, an U. S. energy company. News of the bid raised concern among several Members, many of who contend that the deal would threaten U. S. national security. On June 30, 2005, the House passed H. Res. 344 (Pombo) by a vote of 398 to 15, expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that a Chinese state-owned energy company exercising control of critical United States energy infrastructure and energy production capacity could take action that would threaten to impair the national security of the United States. On the same day, the House passed an amendment (H. Amdt. 431) to an appropriations bill (H. R. 3058) that would prohibit the use of funds from being made available to recommend approval of the sale of Unocal Corporation to CNOOC. On May 20, 2005, the Chinese government reported that first quarter real GDP grew by 9. 4% in 2005 over the same period in 2004. On April 15, 2005, the Chinese government reported that its foreign exchange reserves had risen to $659. 1 billion by the end of May 2005. (Morrison, 2005) Some researchers state the fact that the data reported for FDI in China is different from the reality. The Chinese FDI data is overstated. About ? of flight capital later returns (â€Å"round-trips†) as FDI when opportunities emerge. (Gunter, 2004) From the early 1990s most of the researchers from International bodies have calculated wrong FDI. It is Mainland Chinese monies that flowed out to access better financial, regulatory and legal services and round-trip by returning to China as apparent FDI to access the fiscal incentives and improved investor protection offered in China to foreign investors. (Erskine, 2004) Outward FDI: â€Å"The figures on FDI outflows vary. According to China’s BOP statistics, the cumulative total during 1990 to 1997 was US$18. 9 billion, consisting exclusively of equity capital. Since the 1980s, China has been fast acquiring assets abroad. Researchers7 estimate that Chinese FDI in Hong Kong totaled US$20-30 billion by the end of 1993 or 1994. In fact the net wealth of Chinese affiliates abroad can be measured in hundreds of billion dollars. Officially, the Chinese SOEs had as many as 5 666 affiliates abroad at the end of 1998 with a combined FDI of US$6. 33 billion. (Chandra) Both the in-ward and the out-ward FDIs are a strong influencing forces which effect the trade performance of a country. This can be further explained by conducting the following case study. The study reveals increased value to Economy of China due to FDI. Source countries: Among the developed countries Japan United States are the most important investors in China. Hong Kong is also an important investor and newly industrialized (NIEs. From 1990’s some of the countries like Philippines Malaysia Indonesia have also increased their investment levels in China. Other countries are also showing interest in investing in China in future. In 2003, Sino-Japan trade reached a record high $132 billion. Examining the fast expansion of the bilateral trade suggests that direct investment from Japan performed a critical role in strengthening the economic integration between the two economies. Japanese affiliated manufacturers in China contributed to the soaring bilateral trade in dual ways: exporting their products as final products and intermediate inputs to Japan, and importing intermediates inputs from Japan for their production in China. In 2002, Japanese affiliated manufacturers exported 1,057 billion yen products to Japanese market (METI, 2003). The effect on China’s exports and its national economy is tremendous. (Xing, 2004) FDI from China: Not much material is provided regarding the subject. Although Hong Kong can be viewed as the destination for out ward flow of FDI from China. Sector and geographical distribution of FDI in China Sector Distribution: â€Å"So far, the major proportion of FDI is drawn for the manufacturing field, which takes up almost 60 per cent of the total contracted FDI by 1998. Next follows real estate with the share of 24. 4 percent. The portion of the distribution industry including transport, wholesale and retailing is 6. 0 percent. Construction comes next with 3. 1 percent. The primary industry such as agriculture, forestry and fishing takes 1. 8 per cent. In the future, service trade, such as finances, telecommunications and wholesale and resale commerce, will take up a larger share as a result of Chinese accession to WTO and further liberalization. Further investment liberalization should also take place in traditional industries. Especially, the expansion of FDI in agriculture will depend on the degree of opening up to the market circulation of agricultural products and the industrialized process of production operations. FIEs also generated nearly one fifth of the total tax revenues and 23. 5 million job opportunities, employing about one 10th of urban workers. These numbers suggest FDI has contributed nearly one quarter to one third of China’s GDP growth. †(OECD, 2004) Barriers in the way of FDI in China: The Chinese government has applied a controlled competition culture which against the liberalization provided by the WTO which lift most of the regulations from the trade commerce (Yoost, 2005) Many assets in commercial and industrial sectors are state owned. This in turn gives rise to the problem of hidden state regulation imposition of the government on the foreign investors. This strengthens the view that China does not practice liberty in Business. Some of the sectors of economy are still protected by the government. Due to the situation the WTO commitments are not fulfilled which gives rise to local competition for foreign investors Factors attracting FDI in India: â€Å"India is a prime offshore location for low and high-tech activities, its low-cost, English-speaking and IT-savvy labor force, coupled with a large market potential, underpin global executives improved outlook and investment confidence this year. †(Rediff. com, 2003) The first set of factors which was involved in bringing the FDI to India was the improvement in technology, cheap labor, cost effective production of the goods, cheap and efficient supply chain. The Indian Government also has the cutting edge of Channeling the FDI in the right direction. They are attracting most of the MNEs towards India because at present the Chinese economy can provide them with all the suitable factors desired. Due to its increase in population India has become a growing and profitable market for most of the MNEs products (Ahluwalia) The second set of factors, relating to SOEs, will change significantly and alter the market environment that foreign firms will face in India. Many if not the majority, of India’s best SOEs in industries accessible to foreign investors have set up joint ventures with foreign companies. In the foreseeable future, as the number of SOEs in the national economy continues to shrink, India will facilitate the entry of private domestic firms. MNCs will tend to build up their own affiliates rather than look for Indian domestic partners. At the same time, they will face more competition from private Indian firms as their numbers increase. All of these will become attractive features of the Indian market. Foreign invested enterprises (FIEs) have provided an alternative to private entrepreneurship because private Indian firms have been largely discriminated against. In the past 20 years, the highly efficient FIEs have contributed a great deal to the Indian economy. In 2002, even though FDI accounted for only one 10th of the gross fixed capital formation, FIEs contributed one third of the industrial output, one quarter of the value added, more than half of the exports, and nearly three quarters of the foreign exchange balances held in Chinese banks by corporations (Zhang, 2005). â€Å"The government of India eliminated export quotas as part of its effort to double Indian exports to more than $80 billion by 2007. India is the largest cotton cultivating country. The country has vast reservoir of scientific talent, established pharmaceutical industry, diversity of population and unique natural resources. Key to Indias development of biotechnology is the need for a science-based, rules-based regulatory approach, which is the best way to attract private sector investment. †(Larson, 2002) The major empirical conclusions of this paper are: (1) Much of the measured trade effect is through FDI rather than cost, as the theory of FDI would indicate, and that studies which concentrate on cost as the channel significantly understate the extent of such expansion. 2) On the whole bilateral country level, outward FDI has a larger predicted impact on Chinas exports than does inward FDI. On the other hand, inward FDI is found having a larger predicted impact on Chinas imports than does outward FDI. (3) There is much cross-regional variation and differences in the patterns of FDI-trade links. Regarding to the impact of inward FDI on Chinese trade, FDI is found to boost both export and import growth in Asia, Europe and Oceania. As far as outward FDI is concerned, a unanimous complement link between FDI and trade exists only for Asia, and Africa. (Yong, 2003) The work undertaken in this paper is an improved one because it takes into account all the aspects related to the FDI including a set of countries which contributes towards the FDI in China India, the contribution made by this paper is in more fully evaluating an important policy question regarding the effect of FDI. Second, it takes into account national changes both in inward FDI and outward FDI over a considerable period of time.
Sunday, July 21, 2019
Effects of technology in todays business world
Effects of technology in todays business world Thanks to the digital revolution, the present business world has entered a new millennium of connectivity, networking and marketing. Now the business world is much more developed and advanced and innovation of new electronic machines and digital networks has made this possible. Technology is now mixed up with every aspect of life and has brought up a revolutionary change in the marketing process. Customers can get their job done by hiring the perfect product in a greater comfort with ease. Old marketing practice needs to be carried out along with technological merge to adopt with the changing market environment. Old business perspective has been changed by the entrance of advanced networking and information technology. Business as well as marketing becomes more dynamic and effective when peer-to-peer (P2P) relationship is firmly established and henceforth intranet and extranet are there to keep the people and companies to connected with each other. People can now be connected with the vast and endlessly growing information repository using internet. Wireless technology has further enhanced the connectivity. Todays economy is standing upon the basis of technological advancement and connectivity. The economy is backed by information system. Information can be accessed, updated, modified, personalized and dispatched via internet very fast. With the help of the information about countless gathered through technical tools, softwares and using networks, marketers can offer now more new individualized products or can update the preceding ones accordingly. For example, a company, named Dell Computers offers the customers to tell them their need-specification about computer components and delivers them a manually configured one within a very short time. By doing so, they are also able to communicate with their customer one to one and build up a strong relationship with them. Changes in Business practice: The changes in technology and economy are bringing out a new set of customs, beliefs, cultures as well as practices on the part of business firms. Such as, Marketing groups are being formed to address the needs of different customer groups. This means a switch from being product-centered to being customer-segment centered. Companies are adding a focus on estimating individual customer lifetime value and offering them the products, designed according to the idea extracted from the evaluation of individuals preferences to make a good profit out of it. Companies now pay concentration on marketing scorecard with a view to interpreting what is happening to their market share, their rate of customer loss, satisfaction of consumer, quality of product relative to competitors and other measures. Since the late David Packard of Hewlett-Packard observed, Marketing is far too important to leave to the marketing department. Each employee has an effect on the customers and should value the clients as the resource of the companys prosperity. To build a purpose brand, companies are now relying more upon performance rather than advertising. New economy companies put much emphasis on customer retention than on customer acquisition. An increasing number of companies are making customer satisfaction a major priority. In short, todays market place is made for traditional consumers (those who do not purchase online), cyber consumers (who purchase online), and hybrid consumers (who performs the same). Hence most companies will need a presence for these offline and online to supply to these hybrid honorable consumers. Organizations need to rethink and revise their overall company strategy and within that, their marketing strategy. Ecommerce: According to Patricia Seybold, a management consultant, e-business is the sign of the opportunity and customer service will be its banner. Those who dont pay attention to the value of e-commerce in lasting the business world will be seriously exaggerated, and those who misjudge the importance of it will perish. Technological revolution of the marketplace has allowed a greater change and customization of the products, services and promotional messages than older marketing tools. It has helped the retailers to build up and maintain a good relationship with the consumers. Conducting commercial transaction via EDI was the first step to use technology in marketplace. Every now and then new technologies come along and replace the relatively older one or combining with it, create a new dimension and paves the way to new possibilities. Competition drives new technology and vice versa. E-commerce is a successively progressing and developing sector. It has added a new dimension in the marketplace to meet the consumers ever-changing demands. It makes the consumers way of shopping and buying much easier and consumers from any remote place can easily access the site, choose their things and begin shopping. Due to comfort and easiness, it has become an integral part of daily lives for some consumers. Moreover, for some products, online purchasing is more suitable. Online sellers can trade non-digital goods successfully and could make a good profit out of it. These products may include embarrassing objects or may be ordered from remote places. Every now and then market researches and surveys are conducted thoroughly by collecting consumers information observing their actions. A point-of-sales system provides information to stores which helps greatly in assuming buyer needs and achieving the goals. Technology gives the consumers ability to research on the products they cherish to buy. With this new technology, they have the power they never had before- the power to review and recheck the products endlessly along with videos and demos and to compare prices from thousands of other vendors within a very short time. Vendors also take advantage of the e-commerce since it doesnt need any live salesman and s/he can keep it open for business purpose 24/7 hours. Additionally, even retailers with small capital can establish an international or global reach with a simple website. For instance, local and national market in many countries conduct their business up to night but an online shop like e-bay is open 24/7 hours and people can visit and shop here at any time. E-business has made the international business door open to all. Internet has changed the way of business through targeted advertising. Companies can direct certain consumers/customers to their business site specifying some keywords and all these are possible by using Google. As for example, Amazon.com is sponsored by Google and therefore people, searching for buying products, will be redirected to that site. Despite the importance, flexibility and potentiality of the e-commerce and e-business, people have taken more time to adopt with this new environment than expected. Of many reasons behind this fact, accessibility and availability are the major key concern. Though it might be accessed from remote places, yet its accessibility and availability are extremely lows in the poor, under-developed and developing countries. There are also transaction and delivery problems. Security concern comes to mind whenever people go for any money-costing occasion like shopping and buying over internet. We frequently see such news of online bankrupting due to either security failure or virus attack in various renowned organizations and thats enough to scare off the people and awaken their fear of insecurity. As such many consumers hold back their shopping or buying, even after having good impression on the product, just thinking about the safety of the money. They feel awkward to use the credit card due t o concern about theft and fraud. Mostly marketers are unwilling to look through the eyes of the customer rather they look through their viewpoint and try to know their customers deeds instead of their needs and wants. When marketers tailor a product to meet the need of typically defined consumers from a geographic segment, it is uncertain whether the individual will buy the product or not. It only expresses the probability of purchasing. New products need to be introduced and developed for sure and marketers are too good at it but it is useless to consumers if it can not meet their demands. Lack of instant gratifying reaction on behalf of vendors often decreases the buyer number and amount of visitors. Even social status of the consumer and the social aspect of online and offline shopping influences the consumers profoundly. Many consumers prefer talking to salesman about the staff or to their cohorts for real which are not quite the same in online auction. Steps need to be taken to implement the market segmentation in the market place effectively to avoid the downturn. Failing to understand certain consequences will eventually lead to that situation. One of them is the failure to understand the customers. Failing to do so will hurt the consumers feeling and push back the potential customers. Products need to be improved but if one fails to realize the competitive situation and is unable to predict environmental reaction, the market share will surely fall down and it will raise problems in future. Thats what happened to the polythene industry in Bangladesh. Polythene bag was very much used and produced amply but suddenly awareness against global warming and environmental pollution was awakened in peoples mind and people started to rise against using polythene bag and eventually polythene industry came to halt. Both over-estimation of resource competence and under-estimation of time requirements are detrimental to marketing plan. Improper co-ordination, inability to follow a plan and inadequacy of e-valiability will downturn the market. Failure to obtain senior management and employee commitment is another key source. Customers demands have increased profoundly along with the entrance of new technology in the marketing over the years. Consumers intend to get it available all the time and if they dont, even for once, they will go for alternatives. So to grab the attraction of the consumer and retain it, availability of the products must be ensured. There are also quality and business to business (B2B) relation issues. To keep pace and compete with others, quality of products has to be ensured along with the consumer service. Otherwise, retailers will lose their share. RED could be findings .
Saturday, July 20, 2019
Essay on the Double Meanings of The Odyssey -- Homer, Odyssey Essays
The Double Meanings of The Odyssey     Throughout Homer's The Odyssey, there are a number of tangible symbols that are used to represent abstract ideas. I would like to suggest that each symbol that Homer uses within The Odyssey has two clear meanings. The double meanings of these symbols are used to represent Odysseus and Telemachus as they strive to meet each other. While each symbol has a meaning that represents the growth of Telemachus, each one also represents, by another meaning, the growth and development of Odysseus. When they meet for the first time, the symbols, and the character traits that they represent confluence, and the resemblance between Odysseus and Telemachus becomes complete. One of the main ideas running throughout the Odyssey is the importance of water. It has the power of giving life and quick, safe travel, but it also has the potential to drown you through the itself. While it is often perceived as being good and usually life giving, it also demonstrates how too much of a good thing can bring harm. It brings much harm to Odysseus as he is traveling to Phaeacia, "At Zeus' command the whole sky is heavy with clouds, the sea is seething, squalls from every corner hurtle together. There is nothing now for me but certain d... ..., et al. A commentary on Homer's Odyssey. 3 Vols. Oxford PA4167 .H4813 1988 Jones, Peter V. Homer's Odyssey : a companion to the translation of Richmond Lattimore.     Carbondale, IL : Southern Illinois University Press, c1988. PA4167 .J66 1988 Peradotto, John , Man in the Middle Voice: Name and Narration in the Odyssey, Princeton UP 1990 Stanford, William Bedell. Homer's Odyssey. 2 Vols. Macmillan     Thalmann, William G., The Odyssey : an epic of return. New York : Twayne Publishers. PA4167 .T45 1992 Tracy, Stephen V., The story of the Odyssey. Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press, c1990. PA4167 .T7 1990 Â
Friday, July 19, 2019
Who is to blame for Macbeths Downfall? :: essays research papers
The play MACBETH is filled with suffering. It begins with reports of a bloody battle, an execution of a traitor and Macbeth’s bloodthirsty heroism as he â€Å"unseamed†one of the invaders â€Å"from the nave of the chaps†. In comparison MacBeth’s later actions are even worse as he commits violent crimes against his own people. Much of the suffering in the play is directly attributable to Macbeth. However, the central focus of the play is the suffering he himself undergoes, as he makes his way through his course of evil. Macbeth caused the suffering of many during his dark quest to become King of Scotland. Many innocents were brutally slaughtered as a result of Macbeth’s actions, Banquo, King Duncan, Lady Macduff and her children. However many others experienced mental torment and anguish at the hand of Macbeth. Macbeth’s ambitious wife, Lady Macbeth felt guilt for her part in the murder of King Duncan and for murdering sleep she was denied the luxury of sleep driving her to insanity. The Macduff’s also suffered greatly. Lady Macduff witnessed the deaths of her children as they were â€Å"Savagely slaughter’d†(4:3:237) Macbeth also caused grief to Macduff as he ordered the slaying of his â€Å"Wife, Children, servants, all†(4:3:245) Macbeth was the cause of much suffering in the play and in turn suffered greatly throughout. Macbeth suffers much indecision from the moment he hears the witches prophesies. He gets confused and is torn between killing or not killing King Duncan. He immediately thinks of killing the king, as he wants so badly to be king, but the idea of committing such a crime appals him. â€Å"Why do I yield to that suggestion†(1:3:144), he says in a state of confusion. Macbeth is Duncan’s â€Å"kinsman†, â€Å"his subject†and â€Å"his host†. As his host he should be protecting him, not killing him. Macbeth believes in â€Å"even-handed justice†and that if he commits evil, evil will be put upon him. He ultimately decides not to kill the King but Lady Macbeth convinces him otherwise, â€Å"What beast was’t then That made you break this enterprise to me?†she asks.      Lady Macbeth does later fell guilt over her part in Duncan’s murder but Macbeth’s guilt is immediate.. Macbeth murders his great king and only moments later feels horrible guilt, â€Å"Will all great Neptune’s ocean wash this blood Clean from my hand?†(2:2:77) Blood on hands is a symbol of guilt that Macbeth sees often in this play â€Å"with thy bloody and invisible hand†(3:2:53) He feels guilt like he has never experienced before â€Å"gouts of blood, which was not so before†(2:1:53) he says.
Milo and Otis Essay -- Animals Relationships Papers
"Milo and Otis" In her book, Dog Love, Marjorie Garber proposes the idea that fictional works that offer representations of canines are often used not to tell us about dogs, but to tell us about ourselves. â€Å"The Adventures of Milo and Otis,†directed and based on a story by Masanori Hata, stars a pug-nosed puppy that Garber would believe possesses many of the traits we deem ideal in humans, and also offers several moral truths and social maxims about human society. The ways in which we as humans represent our relationships with dogs are explored in Dog Love. Garber assumes on the role of a cultural critic through her book, commenting on the role and social value dog representations have in our society, as represented in various artifacts: novels, films, advertisements, etc. She believes that through dog stories we create the ideal human, assigning valued human characteristics to the canine protagonist. She states, â€Å"The dog becomes the repository of those model human properties that we have cynically ceased to find among humans†(Garber 15). In our society, we no longer turn to our fellow men and women for the embodiment of virtue; we instead look to â€Å"man’s best friend.†Canine tales are becoming an ever-more-popular medium for expression, says Garber: â€Å"Just as the pathos of human love and loss is most effectively retold, in modern stories, through the vehicle of the steadfastly loyal and loving dog, so the human hero has increasingly been displaced and replaced by the canine one†(44). The spotlight has been shifted from the larger-than-life human to the humble family pet and his canine brethren. Stories that feature a dog rather than a person are able to more convey a deeper sense of meaning, establishing their... ...establishing a â€Å"home†has essentially been transferred from the parent to the child, and the traditional home, and consequently family, has all but disappeared in our society. This shift undermines the roles of the parents, and forces the child to take on adult responsibilities at a premature age. We live in an on-the-go day and age where nothing seems to remain constant for any time at all, and with this lack of continuity we have lost a great deal of what was once an integral part of society. The thought of a child ascribing to a â€Å"home†devoid of anything infallible is not a pleasant one. If every parent would spare a moment in their busy, fast-paced lives to consider the impact of the dissolution of the traditional home upon our children, we might not need films such as â€Å"Milo and Otis†to instruct our children to dissociate home from the world around them.
Thursday, July 18, 2019
Childhood Essay
Explain the sequence and rate of each aspect of development from birth- 19 years. Children develop at different rates and their progress can be measured and tracked in a variety of ways. Although every child develops at different rates the sequence will follow a pattern. This is because children will often acquire one skill before being able to move on to the next. In early years children’s sequential development can be measured against the Early Years Foundation Stage. The different aspects of development they are measured on are Physical, Communication, Intellectual/cognitive, moral, social, emotional and behavioural. Children’s Physical abilities usually develop very rapidly in the early days as they grow from a baby to a toddler. By six months of age a baby’s muscles will have developed enough to reach out and hold objects and begin exploring the world around them. They will enjoy responding to adult facial expressions and may still be shy with strangers. By the age of one a child will begin crawling and using furniture and adults for support in standing. They will be able to sit independently and become more co-ordinated with their hands. A child may have developed their first teeth and solid food will be introduced to their diet. They will begin to understand more words and respond to their name when called and may become anxious when separated from parents or carers. Jealousy of others may become apparent and they enjoy imitating actions they are shown. Between the age of one and two a child will begin walking and mark making will be explored. A child may shake their head to mean ‘no’ and they will begin to understand more words that are spoken to them. Between the ages of two and three scribbles will evolve as children start to experiment more with pencils and pens. A child will be able to throw and kick balls and build towers with blocks. Speech will have developed into longer sentences and questions will be constantly asked as they become more inquisitive. From three to four years of age children will begin to use pitch and tone in singing and their vocabulary will continue to increase. They will enjoy sorting objects into shape, colour and size and will be able to follow simple instructions. Children’s independence will continue to increase as they enjoy running, jumping, skipping and hopping. Children will now assist in dressing and undressing. From four to five years of age children’s questions become more inquisitive and their grammar more accurate. They will be able to hold pencils and pens more correctly and copy shapes and letters and draw people. Routine is very important and they will enjoy being given increasing responsibility. At six and seven years children will be able to dress unassisted and they will be ever more confident in their abilities to run, skip and hop. They may be able to do up buttons and remember events. A child will be able to hold a conversation as well as recognise sounds, words and letters. Beyond these years and heading into adolescence children will develop physically at varying rates. Children will go through puberty at very different rates. Children’s and Young People’s language and vocabulary through adolescence are greatly aided by the adults around them. From the age of seven and onwards children may begin to read aloud confidently and have an increasing knowledge of grammar and tenses. During teenage years vocabulary skills and humour will be developing in a more complex way. The use of sarcasm may be introduced. The skills to argue and debate will also progress. Teenagers will become increasingly confident in their own thoughts and ideas, however may still need reassurance as they become an adult. They will develop strong friendships and discover the opposite sex. Although Children may reach these aspects at different times and stages in their life, the same sequence will be followed. This means that a pattern of development is followed. For example, a child must learn to walk before they can develop the ability to run. 1. 2- Explain the difference between sequence of development and rate of development and why the difference is important The difference in the sequence and rate of development is important as they are used to measure a child’s development. It enables Early Years providers to monitor and track a child’s development and identify any concerns. It also allows the provider to plan at the right time for specific children. The sequence of development is the order in which a child develops. This can be different in each child. One child may begin to do things before another and skip a step in the sequence while another child may follow each step in the sequence exactly. Rate of develop is the speed in which a child develops. This can also vary from child to child as one child as one child may start doing things earlier than others. It is vital to know the difference between sequence of development and the rate of development as it helps professionals in identifying the individual needs of a child. It helps practitioners recognise where there may be special education needs and additional support required. Outcome 2Understand the factors that influence children and young people’s development and how these affect practice 2. 1- Explain how children and young people’s development is influenced by a range of personal factors. Various factors contribute to a child or young person’s development. Personal factors can include Health Problems. A child’s development begins in the Mother’s womb and can be hindered by a Mother’s drug taking or excessive alcohol consumption. It can result in premature birth and a low birth weight which consequently has an ongoing effect on the Child’s development. If a child is born with impairment such as hearing loss then this will affect their social skills and their ability to communicate. Socialising is a very important contributing factor to a child and young person’s development as children learn from each other. Learning difficulties can affect a child’s development of social skills. Children with learning difficulties will need extra support in certain areas of learning as they may become frustrated and lose confidence. A disability develops through genes. Therefore this can be a personal factor in a child and young person’s development. Physical impairments because of a disability can present social issues and different aspects of the disability can physically restrict and impair a person. 2. 2-Explain how children and young people’s development is influenced by a range of external factors. As well as personal factors, there are a number of external factors which contribute to a child and young person’s development. Poverty and deprivation can mean that a child’s life chances can often be reduced. This is especially true in other, less affluent countries where children may not have access to an education or healthcare. Family environment and background can strongly influence a child’s development. Children may not receive much support from their parents or carers and the Family may have different priorities than education for example. Personal choices can go on to affect a child and young person’s development throughout their life. If a child chooses to leave school early then this will affect their career prospects and life chances. If a young person chooses to do drugs then this will go on to affect them socially and in regards to their health. If an individual has been a ‘looked after’ Child or in care then this may be a factor in their development. Many ‘looked after’ children are moved around frequently and this can have a negative effect on their education and may cause attachment issues in childhood and throughout life. Education itself can be an external influence in an individual’s development. If a child has not attended Nursery in their Early Years then they may be held back once they begin school. The child may have learning difficulties which have not yet been identified. Explain how theories of development and frameworks to support development influence current practice. Theories of development and frameworks to support development influence current practice in various ways. Cognitive development, a theory developed by Jean Piagent, suggests that children prior to seven years of age judge their good and bad actions on the consequences of them. Children after the age of seven then begin to judge their actions on their intentions. Piagent’s theory also suggests that children’s development is sequential and that a child cannot run before they can walk, so to speak. This theory heavily influences current practice as the development of children less than five years is measured against the Early Years Foundation Stage, which recognises that the milestones which children reach may be at different times in their life but will follow the familiar pattern. Psychoanalytical Development is a theory formulated by Sigmund Freud. The theory proposes that unconscious thoughts, feelings, emotions and experiences can influence a person’s actions and that past experiences can influence and shape an individual’s future. This underlines a child’s impulses and actions. This theory influences every day practice and is demonstrated by having patience and encouraging children to share and take turns. A child must be supported in reasonable risk taking and motivation. A child must learn the skills to negotiate. This can be achieved through conflict resolution and by challenging the child’s behaviour. Abraham Maslow explained through his Humanist theory of development that individuals choices are influenced by their own perception of their experiences and that a person is able to choose their behaviour, it is not an instinctual reaction to your environment. Self-esteem, self-fulfilment and an individual’s needs are of primary importance and a person’s basic needs must be met in order to attain these. Maslow developed the ‘Hierarchy of Need’ which is utilised in current practice to measure a child’s personal development. Maslow put forward that a person’s basic needs must be met before they can achieve self-actualisation and realise their own personal potential. Albert Bandura’s theory of Social Learning advocates that children learn from others through observation and imitation. There are three aspects to this theory and these are that children learn through observation, that a child’s internal mental state is a factor and that even if a child learns something it does not mean that a child will use that learned behaviour. Bandura’s theory has had an influence on current practice as it put forward the idea that learning does not change behaviour and in order to do so both Families and Professionals need to be part of the process. It is widely understood that Parents and Teachers should be positive role models in a child and young person’s life. Burrhus Frederic Skinner’s theory of Operant Conditioning supports the concept of ‘the mind’ and that it is more productive to learn from observed behaviour than to develop from your own internal mental experience. Skinner believed that the best way to understand an individual’s behaviour is to consider the cause and effect. B. F. Skinner’s theory of Operant Conditioning was largely based on Edward Lee Thorndike’s ‘Law of Effect’ theory. Thorndike’s theory was founded through studying learned behaviour in animals. Skinner believed that reinforcement was the key to repeated behaviour and that behaviour that is encouraged will be replicated as opposed to behaviour which is not reinforced being extinguished. Operant conditioning is a theory which supports the fact that behaviour may be changed through reinforcement. This theory is demonstrated in current practice by the use of reward charts. By negatively reinforcing behaviour a child may not repeat the action so as to remove the unpleasant experience. Behaviourist theory was formulated by John B. Watson who believed that children have three main motives being fear, rage and love and the theory deals only with observable behaviour. Development is considered a reaction to given rewards and punishments. Behaviourist theory is set apart from other theories in the fact that it does not deal with internal thoughts or theories. Because of this many critics argue that Behaviourism is one dimensional and does not account for other types of learning. However, it is an effective tool in measuring a child’s behaviour and tracking their development. Although Behaviourism is widely criticised it is still a widely used notion in teaching and encouraging positive behaviour and discouraging negative behaviour. Social Pedagogy is a framework in place to support development and enforce humanistic behaviour such as respect for others, trust and equality. It promotes the development of children in areas such as emotions and feelings, intellect, and physical capability. It encourages sustained wellbeing and health, self-empowerment, to take responsibility for one’s own actions and to promote human welfare and ease social problems. This Framework supports development of children and is increasingly associated with Community and Social Work. It upholds Equality, Diversity and Inclusive practice and is enforced by looking at the child as a whole and supporting their overall development. Outcome 3Understand how to monitor children and young people’s development and interventions that should take place if this is not following the expected pattern 3. 1- Explain how to monitor children and young people’s development using different methods. There are various methods and ways of monitoring and tracking children and young people’s development. A key system is session planning and evaluation which enables practitioners to reflect on a session and introduce scaffolded learning to meet a child’s developmental needs. Assessment Frameworks within education are in the form of SATS and GCSE exams. These exams measure a child’s ability to retain information. If a child is believed to have additional needs then a Common Assessment Framework can be completed to identify a child or young person’s educational, emotional and developmental needs. In their Early Years, children undergo regular health checks to ensure their physical development is progressing at the expected rate. The Early Years Foundation Stage is used to measure children’s milestones. Through observation it can be discerned if a child is not meeting the expected pattern of development. This should be relayed to the parent or carer and discussed to ascertain if there are any concerns at home. It is best practice to share information with other professionals, colleagues and parents and carers to ensure that all information and facts are collated and everyone is concerned with the overall development of a child or young person. 3. Explain the reasons why children and young people’s development may not follow the expected pattern There are a range of reasons why children and young people’s development may not follow the expected pattern. Factors such as disability can affect various areas of development but early intervention and support can aid in a child’s development. Positive emotional development occurs when a child receives routine and structure and feels settled. Attachment issues can cause low self-esteem and motivation in children and young people and so this may hinder them in trying new things and risk taking. Physical development can be effected due to genetics. A child may be a slow learner or have problems with physical growth. This can also affect social development. Socially a child or young person’s development may not follow an expected pattern if parents and carers do not make time or prioritise interactive play with their children. An environment can result in a child’s development being affected. If a person is born into poverty then they may not have access to opportunities and education and so life chances are reduced. Culture can also play a part as the ways in which a child is brought up differs around the world. Other cultures may have different expectations or restrictions on a child. Learning difficulties may shape a person’s development pattern as they may not be identified early on in a child’s life. This may therefore hold them back. Children who have speech problems or find it difficult to read and write will find it arduous and frustrating to communicate with others. 3. 3-Explain how disability may affect development Disability can affect development in a number of ways. Learning and social development can be affected by a number of disabilities and a child may be faced with prejudice and discrimination. Learning disabilities which can affect development can include Autism, which affects an individual’s communication and interaction with others and the world around them. Autism can lead a person to feel isolated and alone and an individual may find it hard to read facial expressions and tone of voice. Dyslexia can create development issues in relation to reading and writing. If Dyslexia is undetected in childhood then this can affect a child’s self fulfilment. Children may become angry and detached and may have difficulty attending school. This in turn will affect their education and learning development. Physical disabilities such as Cerebral Palsy affect movement and posture and co-ordination. Some individuals who suffer from this particular disability can suffer from seizures and difficulty in reading and writing. 3. 4-Explain how different types of interventions can promote positive outcomes for children and young people where development is not following the expected pattern. Different types of intervention can promote positive outcomes for children and young people where development is not following the expected pattern. Social Workers are in place to help and safeguard vulnerable children and their families through Child In Need and Child Protection Plans. Speech and Language Therapists can assess and work with children and young people who have speech difficulties. The earlier the difficulty is identified the less the impact on the child’s life. Children who have behaviour and learning difficulties may be supported by a Psychologist. Once the child’s needs have been ascertained support plans can be put in place at home and within education. Psychiatrists is specialised in treating people with Mental Health issues and works alongside other professionals in supporting individuals with such issues. Youth Justice and Youth Workers work alongside Social Care in supporting young people with behavioural problems. Physiotherapists aid children in their physical development where they have restricted or little movement capability. They facilitate them in gaining the maximum movement possible. Specialist Nurses provide support to families of children with disabilities and in need of specialist medical care. Additional learning support is available to children who have specialist educational needs. Assistive technology can further aid those with learning and physical development issues. This technology can play to a child or young person’s strengths and can encourage and motivate them within their capabilities. Health Visitors are often the earliest intervention in a child’s life and the first to ascertain if development is not following the expected pattern. Regular visits from Health will ensure that the child’s development is monitored closely and any concerns are raised early on. Outcome 4Understand the importance of early intervention to support the speech, language and communication needs of children and young people. 4. 1- Analyse the importance of early identification of speech, language and communication delays and disorders and the potential risks of late recognition. Our speech, language and communication capabilities relate to how we interact and relate to others. It allows us to socialise and educate ourselves. If a child is identified as having speech, language and communication needs then it is often referred to as SLCN in short. If a child’s SLCN’s are not identified during their early years it may affect their early education and relationships in school. A child may be bullied or their own confidence issues may hold them back from interacting with others. If a child has a hearing or speech impediment then other forms of communication must be evolved and access to the appropriate support must be provided. There are many risks of late recognition regarding speech, language and communication needs. If they are not recognised early on then it can continue to result in problems with self-esteem, learning difficulties, a person feeling isolated and becoming withdrawn, anti social behaviour and an inability to express themselves effectively and a child or young person not fulfilling their full potential. 4. 2-Explain how multi agency teams work together to support speech, language and communication. Practitioners have an obligation to identify children’s needs and refer them into the right support to aid in their development. Multi agency teams work together to support SLCNs by meeting and discussing available support for the child. By multi agencies meeting together it allows all channels of support to be identified at once and discuss what each agency can provide. Minutes are taken at these meetings which allow all agencies to have up to date information and work together to achieve a common goal. 4. 3-Explain how play and activities are used to support the development of speech, language and communication. Children learn through play and different activities can support the development of speech, language and communication. This allows different language to be used within a context the child can enjoy. The activity should be themed on something a child enjoys doing to encourage interest and engagement. Instruments and shapes can lead into describing words and sensory experiences. Puppets can encourage children to talk and interact in dramatic play which allows children to express emotions and develop language. Outcome 5Understand the potential effects of transitions on children and young people’s development 5. Explain how different types of transitions can affect children and young people’s development. A child and young person may go through several types of transition during their development. Emotional transitions occur when a person’s emotional state is altered for some reason. It can occur when a child experiences bereavement, misses a parent/carer or begins or leaves care. A child experiencing an emotional transition may have angry outbursts if they are too young or incapable of expressing themselves in words. A child may experience physical transition when beginning or leaving a school or moving home and perhaps when shifting from one activity to another. It may result in a child becoming anxious and unable to interact with others. Physiological transition takes place when a child goes through puberty or develops a long-term medical condition. A young person may lose confidence and feel uncomfortable meeting new people or experiencing new situations as they develop physically and become an adult. Intellectual transition is when a child progresses from pre-school to primary school, for example. New faces and environments can impact on a child’s ability to feel comfortable and may make the child feel anxious and lose confidence. 5. 2-Evaluate the effect on children and young people of having positive relationships during periods of transition. Positive relationships are highly important to a person’s development and wellbeing. Positive relationships promote consistency and resilience in a child and young person. Good support can come from Parents, Carers, Siblings and extended family, Social Workers, Health Professionals, teachers and tutors. These affiliations will mean that a child or young person is more likely to achieve academic targets and build strong social links. A child will feel more loved and valued and be more prepared for future transitions. Positive relationships also mean that a child or young person’s needs and requirements are more liable to be identified and provided for. A child’s welfare can be monitored more effectively and plans for children’s development and education can be more effective in their outcomes.
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